Preparing Extended Summary

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The purpose of Extended Summary is to transmit technical information from contributors to readers. If a paper already conveys the facts of the research, why should its author be concerned about elegance? There are two basic reasons. First, the reviewers will more readily understand a well-written paper. This means the Extended Summary will stand a better chance of being accepted.

Extended Summary highlights the major points, results and conclusions in short sentences of plain standard English. The objective of the Extended Summary is to précis write the contents and extract the essential components, This effort will assist the reader to comprehend your contribution. This is a precise balance to achieve and requires critical examination of your key message. Consider the key issues of situation, problem, question and response.

While writing, organize your paper so that it answers four basic questions:

1. What did I set out to do and why? i.e. Introduction.
2. How did I do it? i.e. Materials and Methods.
3. What did I learn? i.e. Results.
4. What does it mean and how does it relate to what else is known? i.e. Discussion including conclusions. Avoid repetition.

If you can answer these questions on your research contribution, you can now proceed to write-out the Extended Summary

Begin to write an Extended Summary
In the introduction, always begin with rationale and objective statements; never jump directly into the materials and methods. Discuss only work that is directly related to the work you are describing. Don’t cite every paper written on the subject; cite only the most important ones or 2-3 key review papers. A few more relevant references related to the topic of study should be included in the Discussion to project your contribution in light of what is already known.

The objective of Materials and Methods section is to give the reader a report of how the work was carried out. It is important to maintain brevity in this section and remember that your audience is your peers, not someone with no scientific knowledge. Write with your audience in mind. Remember to include descriptions of relevant and essential details of the progress of work, problems and experiences in data collection and processing.
In Results, do not be tempted to report all your results and analysis. Do not repeat all data in text that can be seen in tables or figures. Present salient features and trends in results obtained. Referees and journal editors expect brevity. Refer back to your key statement and consider which results are needed to justify your conclusions. Limit data presentation to 1-2 Tables and/or 1-2 Figures. Submit all the tables and figures in MS Excel Sheet by entering data and drawing figure in the same sheet and the text portion in MS Word format.

In Discussion, the results should be critically analyzed, compared and discussed in relation to the originally stated problem, hypotheses, and methods.  The results usually contribute new knowledge, which should be compared with the previous knowledge stated in the situation. The critical comparison may justify the results, but also reveal deficiencies and contradictions, which is scientifically of equal value. Discuss your outputs in relation to relevant literature. What do your results mean when compared with others? If you can't do this then your paper will be rejected. The implications of your findings should be discussed within a realistic framework. Be honest. However much you might like to feel your results should be implemented, it is important to indicate to the reader the problems you foresee in their adoption.

Extended Summary must be limited to no more than 1500 words or three typed A4 pages (8.5 x 11 inches) and structured as introduction, results including 1-2 tables and/or 1-2 figures, discussion, and 6-8 references. Results and discussion should occupy a major share of space.